Book of abstracts of the vii congress on plant protection. This species is prohibited red counties other names for this plant include. After introduction, it escaped cultivation and is now present or. Sorghum halepense is a cosmopolitan weed thought to be native to the mediterranean region holm et al. An industrial perspective explores the many uses for sorghum in industry and biofuels. Pers, 2n 2x 40 to rank among the worlds most noxious. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Shift of allelochemicals from sorghum halepense in the soil and their effects on the soils bacterial community. Johnsongrass sorghum halepense is a summer perennial grass native to the mediterranean region. It may be invasive here in pennsylvania according to what was said above, but johnson. Welcome,you are looking at books for reading, the the sorghum genome, you will able to read or download in pdf or epub books and notice some of author may have lock the live reading for some of country. Land preparation using guzza oxen and labour sharing scheme.
However, reproductive biology of the species is not understood in sufficient details and had serious gaps of information on its pollen and pollination system, breeding behaviour, fruit and. Aruna c, audilakshmi s 2008 reproductive biology and breeding behaviour of sorghum. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The book presented should help to synthesize the literature and achievements in the research on the biology of sorghum in the 21st century. See our written findings for more information about johnsongrass sorghum halepense. Johnsongrassgrain sorghum hybrids can become a significant weed threat. Topics discussed include its distribution, cytology, taxonomy, life cycle, variability and. Biology and management of johnsongrass sorghum halepense. Furthermore, special attention is given to the important role of field trials. California department of food and agriculture 2001 encycloweedia. Sorghum bicolor sorghum, broomcorn, kafir, sudangrass.
In addition, users can learn about the location of vouchered specimens and see images to get a better visual for each plant. Sorghum halepense is an extremely invasive noxious weed with a worldwide distribution. If it available for your country it will shown as book reader and user fully subscribe will benefit by having full. Sorghum is a smart food, feed, and bioenergy crop, adapted worldwide to temperate and tropical climates. It is emerging as a potential menace for agroecosystems in 53 different countries across the world. It was introduced to the southern united states in the. Johnsongrass, sorghum halepense, is a fastgrowing perennial that can grow up to 7 feet tall. Pers and the role of glyphosate and nonchemical alternative. There are no critical maximum or minimum daily temperatures for germination of lycopus europaeus seeds, if the difference between the two temperatures exceeds 7c thompson, 1969a. Reddy belum vs, ramesh s, ashok kumar a, gowda cll eds sorghum improvement in the new millennium. Sorghum is africas contribution to the worlds top crops and belongs to the elite handful of plants that collectively provide more than 85 percent of all human energy. Sorghum halepense authorship and citation feis abbreviation synonyms nrcs plant code common names. Contains a toxic cyanidecontaining substance which can poison cattle and other livestock. By the end of the 19th century johnson grass was growing throughout most of the united states mcwhorter 1981.
Indiana nonnative plant invasiveness ranking form assessment for invasive plants not in trade form originally created for use in new york indiana form version date. If it takes too long to load the home page, tap on the button below. Key aspects on the biology, ecology and impacts of. It is one of the important dryland crops grown in marginal soils and a source of feed, fodder. An sorghum halepense in nahilalakip ha genus nga sorghum, ngan familia nga poaceae.
Sorghum halepense choose from the following categories of information. Not only does it offer a detailed understanding of the physical and biochemical qualities of the grain, it also takes an indepth look at the role sorghum plays in such industries as brewing and ethanol production and the mechanics of postharvest processing and value addition. This weed is adapted to warmer regions and is native to mediterranean areas of africa, asia, and europe. Provides authoritative information on the flora of western australia. The 1889 book the useful native plants of australia records that sorghum halepense is a strong, erectgrowing species, varying from two to ten feet high, succulent when young, a splendid grass for a cattle run, though not much sought after by sheep. Ecobiology, impact, and management of sorghum halepense. Most viral diseases of sorghum are mosaics with the most important being maize dwarf mosaic toler, 1985. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Key aspects on the biology, ecology and impacts of johnsongrass sorghum halepense l. There might as well be at least one positive note about this plant. It was introduced to the united states in the early 1800s as a potential forage crop. Apr 23, 2008 the sorghum genus also offers the opportunity to gain new insights into biology of weeds and invasives. Sorghum halepense species page atlas of florida plants.
High nitrate levels in the plant can complicate the problem and produce nitrate poisoning in sheep and cattle. Invasiveness ranking questions apply to areas similar in climate and habitats to indiana unless specified otherwise. High seed production and an extensive rhizomal system makes it difficult to eradicate. Therefore it need a free signup process to obtain the book. However, reproductive biology of the species is not understood in sufficient details and had serious gaps of information on its pollen and. Several members of the clade, exemplified by sorghum halepense johnsongrass offer insights into weediness and invasion biology. This grass is able to spread easily by a system of rhizomes which are horizontal underground roots. Under certain conditions, the leaves of johnsongrass and sorghum can produce toxic amounts of hydrocyanic acid, which can poison livestock when ingested. One of the most common bacterial diseases of sorghum is bacterial leaf stripe kucharek. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria.
Overview appearance sorghum halepense is a tall up to 8 ft. This species has a number of detrimental effects including. November 1, 2010 3 it has been successfully used in controlling erosion due to its extensive rhizome network. A young boy feeding an ox with sorghum leaves and thin stalks. The sorghum genus also offers the opportunity to gain new insights into biology of weeds and invasives. Vegetative dispersal by rhizomes underground stems and seed dispersal by disarticulation of the mature inflorescence shattering cause johnsongrass sorghum halepense l. Biological activity of dhurrin and other compounds from johnson. Sorghum injera ethiopian pancake used for human food.
It was introduced to the southern united states in the early 1800s as a perennial forage crop and is still in use for cattle grazing in many states. Sorghum moench sorghum species sorghum halepense l. The first sequence for a member of the clade, sorghum, as well as progress and challenges toward sequencing of additional members and the new opportunities that this will create, are also explored. Media in category sorghum halepense the following 105 files are in this category, out of 105 total. Sorghum is a staple food crop for millions of poor people in the semiarid tropics of africa and asia. Pers is a common and noxious worldwide weed of increasing distribution in many european countries. Croptoweed introgression has impacted allelic composition of.
Topics discussed include its distribution, cytology, taxonomy, life cycle, variability and the dormancy and germination of its seeds and rhizomes. The scientific name of johnsongrass is sorghum halepense l. Dormancy and germination in 5 native species from savannah woodland communities of the northern territory australia. Poisonous plant databases images soha new zealand environment bay of plenty. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Leaf blades are about 1 inch wide and can grow up to 2ft long. Sustained gains in plant breeding rely on variation in crop gene pool. Johnsongrass sorghum halepense is a summer perennial grass native to the. It inhabits agricultural land, and other disturbed sites.
This plant may be known by one or more common names in. Report on johnsongrass from the book weed control in natural areas in the western united states additional photos. Over 231,000 sorghum accessions are conserved globally, with the international crops research institute for the semiarid tropics icrisat genebank holding 39,234. Morrell pl, williamscoplin td, lattu al, bowers je, chandler jm, paterson ah, 2005. Johnsongrass sorghum halepense a warm season perennial grass with dense rhizomes, listed as invasive in numerous states and countries.
School of plant biology, institute of agriculture, the. The biology of 3 known biotypes a, b, and c of schizaphis graminum rondani was studied at various temperature gradients from 10. Nonnative plant invasiveness ranking form assessment for invasive plants not in trade form originally created for use in new york indiana form version date. Kowal, department of botany, university of wisconsinmadison. Sorghum halepense an overview sciencedirect topics. Y yes, regularly, o occasionally, u uncertain, referred by others but not confirmed. All of these factors make sorghum halepense one of the 10 most noxious weeds in the world.
Sorghum halepense analysis establishmentspread potential as evidenced by the very high risk score for johnsongrass for this risk element, it possesses many traits that contribute to its ability to establish and spread. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Wider taxonomic and genomic range of the genus sorghum. In the mid1900s, cultivation of this weed species as a potential forage crop resulted in its. Texas alternatives include squarestem spikerush eleocharis quadrangulata, sugarcane plumegrass saccharum giganteum, and powdery thalia thalia dealbata. Catalogue of seeds, agricultural and horticultural supplies and guide for the garden, field and farm 1897 20591143161.
The new york flora atlas is a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state, as well as information on plant habitats, associated ecological communities, and taxonomy. Sorghum species, johnsongrass, johnson grass sorghum. Fall panicum seedlings are smaller than those of sorghum and have short hairs on the lower side of the leaf blades. Today, it is the dietary staple of more than 500 million people in more than 30 countries.
This document provides an overview of baseline biological information relevant to risk assessment of genetically modified forms of the species that may be released into the. Johnsongrass sorghum halepense is naturalized in texas and other states and is considered an invasive plant in texas, positive. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Sorghum outcrosses with johnsongrass as the male parent often have rhizomes resembling those of johnsongrass. The optimum high temperature depends on the species and varies from 2225c in apium graveolens thompson, 1974 to 45c in sorghum halepense harrington, 1923. Ecobiology, impact, and management of sorghum halepense l. Introductory distribution and occurrence botanical and ecological characteristics fire ecology fire effects management considerations references introductory species. The record derives from wcsp which reports it as an accepted name record 443460 with original publication details. It is a highly variable species with some regional biotypes.
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